REPORT  OF  THE  LABOR  COMMITTEE. 

The  existence  of  the  Labor  Committee  of  the  National  Coun- 
cil is  one  of  many  similar  proofs  given  by  various  Christian 
denominations  in  America  of  a growing  social  responsibility 
among  the  churches,  for  within  the  last  three  years  several  de- 
nominations have  appointed  committees  on  the  Industrial  sit- 
uation, or  have  taken  other  action  in  regard  to  it. 

The  Chairman  of  your  Labor  Committee  had  the  honor  of 
suggesting  to  the  Committee  on  Labor  Organizations  of  the 
Massachusetts  General  Association,  that  a Labor  Committee 
ought  to  be  appointed  by  the  National  Council,  and  he  was 
authorized  to  present  this  suggestion  to  the  Business  Committee 
of  the  last  National  Council  then  in  session  at  Portland,  Me. 
By  that  body  it  was  heartily  adopted,  and  a committee  was 
appointed. 

Your  committee  has  held  several  meetings,  and  has  carried 
on  quite  a large  correspondence  in  the  fulfillment  of  its  work 
of  which  it  now  gives  account  and  presents  also  a brief  state- 
ment of  its  duties  as  it  sees  them,  together  with  a brief  resume 
of  industrial  conditions.  A few  recommendations  and  several 
bibliographies  of  the  labor  question,  one  from  Mr.  John  Mitchfell, 
another  from  Hon.  Carroll  D.  Wright,  and  others  from  the 
more  than  twenty  specialists  on  modern  industrialism  whose 
help  we  asked,  are  added  in  conclusion.  It  may  be  interesting 
to  you  to  know,  that  a representative  of  our  committee  has 
attended  conventions  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor,  and 
of  the  Civic  Federation;  that  we  have  corresponded  with  repre- 
sentative Labor  officials;  and  that  two  members  of  our  com- 
mittee have  been  sent  by  journals  to  study  industrial  strife  on 
the  field,  and  to  report  the  same  in  print,  one  in  Colorado,  and 
one  in  Fall  River,  Muss. 


/Uinutes,  p.  540. 


p 5 \ ^ 


9 


3 ^ 

ei 


The  Function  of  a Church  Labor  Committee. 

Because  the  Labor  problem  has  many  phases  economic,  social, 
moral,  many  agencies  have  arisen  to  help  in  its  solution.  The 
General  Government  has  its  Department  of  Labor  and  Com- 
merce, and  from  time  to  time  appoints  special  industrial  coin- 
emissions.  Several  states  have  Bureaus  of  Labor  Statistics,  and 
Boards  of  Conciliation  and  Arbitration,  and  nearly  all  of  the 
states  doubtless,  have  legislative  committees  on  labor  to  which 
proposed  legislation  is  at  first  referred.  Groups  of  interested 
citizens,  such  as  make  up  the  efficient  Industrial  Department 
of  the  National  Civic  Federation  have  formed  among  the  peo- 
ple, and  are  largely  helping  to  better  the  relationships  of  the 
world  of  industry.  Legislative  action  has  resulted  in  a body  of 
statutory  and  common  law,  which  has  been  highly  serviceable 
in  promoting  the  industrial  uplift.  With  these  agencies  should 
be  included  the  organizations  of  employees  and  of  employers. 
It  is  therefore  evident  that  the  existence  of  these  other  forms 
of  social  effort  and  the  nature  and  purpose  of  the  Church  limit 
its  activities  primarily  to  the  social  and  moral  phases  of  the 
labor  question.  In  view,  however,  of  the  prevalent  relations  of 
organized  Christianity  and  organized  labor,  the  Church’s  first 
service  should  be  with  itself — to  get  information  on  the  subject 
and  to  stimulate  interest  therein. 

The  Method  Employed. 

Naturally  what  your  committee  has  done,  has  been  dictated 
largely  by  its  conception  of  its  place  and  duties.  About  one 
and  one-half  years  ago,  therefore,  we  sent  a letter  to  each  of 
our  state  associations,  in  which  we  asked  for  the  appointment 
of  a Labor  Committee  that  should  be  auxiliary  to  the  Labor 
Committee  of  the  National  Council,  to  help  toward  a better 
knowledge  of  industrial  conditions,  and  of  the  spirit  of  the 
churches,  especially  in  their  own  locality:  to  come  into  sympa- 
thetic relations  as  far  as  possible  with  labor  organized  and  un- 
organized: to  help  just  and  wise  movements  among  working- 
men, which  mean  physical,  social  and  moral  betterment:  to  seek 
affiliation  with  humanitarian  and  religious  bodies  having  similar 


3 


3 3'. 

H Z-T<2>  r 


ends  in  view,  and  to  keep~the  Labor  Committee  of  the  National 
Council  informed  as  to  the  conditions  found  and  the  efforts 
made  to  promote  the  well-being  of  the  industrial  part  of  the 
community. 

Some  other  religious  bodies  have  committees  that  have 
worked  upon  lines  different  from  ours,  e.  g.,  by  seeking,  (as  in 
one  instance)  to  approach  the  wage  worker  at  first  by  the 
agency  of  some  form  of  religious  service  chiefly  of  the  evangel- 
istic type,  and,  as  in  another  instance,  by  endeavoring  to  pro- 
mote the  interests  of  workingmen  through  the  formation  of  a 
society  within  a particular  denomination. 

We  believe  it  better  because  more  in  harmony  with  the 
democratic  polity  of  our  churches,  and  because  it  encourages 
some  interest  from  the  many  rather  than  the  special  interest  of 
the  few,  that  we  should  try  to  produce  a larger  and  deeper 
interest  among  our  people  in  this  phase  of  the  social  question 
through  committees  of  the  state  associations  that  shall  be 
thoroughly  representative  of  all  our  churches.  The  results  al- 
ready gained  have  justified  our  theory,  for  we  have  been  noti- 
fied that  many  of  our  state  organizations  have  adopted  our 
suggestions. 

Doubtless  committees  have  been  appointed  and  some  work 
done  in  other  states  besides  those  from  which  we  have  officially 
heard.  We  make  grateful  mention  of  the  proffered  assistance 
and  genuine  help  of  the  committees  of  several  states,  especially 
those  of  Massachusetts,  Illinois  arid  Colorado,  three  common- 
wealths in  which  the  student  of  social  conditions  will  find  at 
present  much  to  interest  him. 

As  far  as  possible,  your  committee  has  done  what  it  asked  the 
state  committees  to  do,  and  we  report  that  we  have  found  the 
officers  of  humanitarian  and  industrial  bodies  quite  as  responsive 
to  our  requests  for  information  and  help  as  were  the  committees 
of  some  of  the  Christian  denominations. 

The  Industrial  Situation. 

The  economic  features  of  the  present  industrial  situation  are 
so  widely  published  in  books  and  periodicals,  that  the  people 
are  generally  familiar  with  them.  For  this  reason,  and  because 


4 


in  general  these  economic  features  do  not  come  within  the 
scope  of  this  report,  we  omit  any  special  mention  of  them.  We 
have  a labor  problem  because  we  have  large  freedom,  education, 
democracy,  in  which  aggressive  and  acquisitive  human  beings 
are  struggling  for  personal  and  social  expression  and  better- 
ment. The  deep  tendencies  and  the  surface  conditions  of 
modern  industry  result  in  that  consolidation  of  the  forces  of  the 
employed,  and  the  forces  of  the  employer,  that  express  them- 
selves in  the  former  instance  in  unionism  and  in  the  latter,  in 
the  various  types  of  employers’  associations.  Apparently 
unionism  is  something  more  than  that  valuable  phase  of  present 
day  industry,  collective  bargaining,  for  unionism  stands  for  the 
introduction  of  democracy  into  industry,  the  right  of  represen- 
tation in  the  conduct  of  business.  More  fundamental  than  any 
other  practical  question,  such  as  the  closed  shop  or  freedom  of 
contract  is  this  underlying  demand  of  representation  in  the  con- 
duct of  industrial  enterprises.  To  achieve  it,  is  the  core  of  in- 
telligent unionism  which  seems  fast  passing  into  industrialism, 
and  to  resist  it  is  the  purpose  of  much  of  the  counter  organiza- 
tion of  employers.  The  result  appears  on  the  surface  in  sus- 
picion, resistance,  lawlessness,  violence — the  common  hard 
features  of  much  of  the  present  industrial  struggle.  It  is  not 
our  part  to  discuss  this  phase  of  the  question.  We  simply  state 
it,  as  a primary  and  inevitable  element  in  the  present  contest. 
We  believe  that  organizations  of  labor  and  organizations  of 
capital  are  inevitable,  that  these  forces  are  to  be  dealt  with 
intelligently  and  humanely,  and  that  any  policy  that  means  the 
utter  subversion  of  one  force  to  that  of  the  other  is  certain  to 
result  immediately  in  intensifying  the  already  ominous  tendency 
to  class  division  and  class  warfare.  Constructive  policies  under 
the  forms  of  law  and  tempered  by  the  justly  critical  force  of 
public  opinion,  are  being  framed  by  conservative  leaders  on 
both  sides,  and  for  these  results  we  can  hopefully  wait. 

We  urge  upon  trade  unionists  and  upon  employers  in  the 
meantime  the  right  use  of  power,  and  the  cultivation  of  such  a 
sense  of  responsibility  as  will  conserve  social  well-being  for  the 
present  and  the  future.  The  spirit  of  the  marauder  by  whom- 
ever shown  should  be  checked,  and  industrial  organizations  both 


5 


of  employees  and  employers,  should  become  as  they  may  be- 
come,  strong  forces  in  behalf  of  law  and  order. 

The  Christian  Church  is  certainly  one  of  the  most  powerful 
agencies  in  the  promotion  of  human  well-being.  It  has,  there- 
fore, a high  social  duty  to  fulfill  in  emphasizing  goodwill,  justice 
and  brotherhood;  in  teaching  restraint  and  patience;  in  embody- 
ing the  religious  spirit  in  democratic  forms;  and  in  holding  up 
the  highest  personal  and  social  ideals  of  life.  Our  churches 
and  ministers  should  remember  that  the  value  of  organized 
Christianity  in  the  present  industrial  struggle  is  not  dependent 
upon  partisanship  but  rather  upon  the  spirit  in  which  it  stands 
for  righteous  principles  and  for  that  moral  insight  that  re- 
quires every  man  and  every  group  of  men  to  treat  each  and  all, 
not  as  “ ways  of  behaviour”  but  as  personalities  having  similar 
duties  and  privileges  one  with  another. 

We  have  been  sharply  criticized  by  a very  few  for  saying 
that  there  is  widespread  indifference  on  the  part  of  workingmen 
and  the  Church  ea^ch  to  the  other,  and  that  occasionally  the  atti- 
tude toward  the  Church  on  the  part  of  workingmen  is  one  of 
alienation  or  hostility.  We  do  not  refer  to  this  criticism  for 
the  purpose  of  rejoinder,  but  merely  to  re-affirm  our  position. 
It  has  been  confirmed  by  our  correspondence  and  conference 
with  labor  leaders,  as  it  is  sustained  by  the  experience  of  social 
workers  generally.  If  by  “ workingman”  is  meant  anyone  who 
works  in  any  way,  it  is  easy  to  show  that  the  churches  are 
made  up  quite  exclusively  of  laborers,  but  if,  as  in  our  use  of 
the  term,  manual  wage-earners  are  meant,  e.  g.,  mechanics,  mill 
and  shop  operatives  and  unskilled  laborers,  their  number  especi- 
ally in  Protestant  churches  is  small,  and  relatively  to  other 
social  elements  is  growing  smaller.  We  believe  that  the  indus- 
trial difficulty  lies  more  in  the  moral  than  in  the  economic 
order,  hence  our  emphasis  upon  moral  forces  and  aims  and  our 
belief  that  the  Church  should  lead  in  producing  a new  spirit  in 
industrial  relationships.  In  the  past,  some  of  the  most  intelli- 
gent friends  of  workingmen  have  been  found  in  the  ranks  of  the 
Christian  Church,  its  laymen  and  clergymen,  and  notwithstand- 
ing all  assertions  and  beliefs  to  the  contrary,  the  same  is  true 
today.  Kingsley,  Maurice,  and  Toynbee,  of  a past  generation 


0 


in  England,  and  several  in  America  among  the  living  whose 
names  will  readily  recur  to  you  are  rightly  regarded  as  the 
friends  of  the  workers. 

Recommendations. 

Recognizing  that  the  need  and  the  right  to  work  are  funda- 
mental in  human  society,  and  that  much  remains  to  be  done  to 
establish  just  relationships  in  the  industrial  order,  we  urge  our 
churches  to  take  a deeper  interest  in  the  labor  question,  and  to 
get  a more  intelligent  understanding  of  the  aims  of  organized 
labor.  This  can  be  done  through  fraternal  personal  contact 
with  the  workers,  and  by  reading  the  best  publications  of  those 
who  have  a right  to  speak  on  industrial  subjects.  As  helps  by 
this  latter  method,  your  committee  has  secured  from  several 
sources  labor  bibliographies,  which  cannot  fail  to  be  highly  sug- 
gestive to  everyone  who  wishes  to  get  theoretic  information  on 
this  subject.  These  bibliographies  we  hope  to  have  published 
in  the  Minutes  of  this  Council,  as  an  addendum  to  this  report. 
Our  thanks  are  hereby  extended  to  the  American  Institute  of 
Social  Service,  and  to  those  gentlemen  who  have  put  their  sug- 
gestions at  our  disposal,  for  their  help. 

We  recommend  further,  that  the  National  Council  continue 
the  appointment  of  a Labor  Committee : that  this  Council 
through  its  Secretary  ask  each  state  body  in  our  fellowship  to 
appoint  a Labor  Committee  which  shall  be  auxiliary  to  the 
National  Council’s  Labor  Committee  for  the  purpose  of  infor- 
mation and  suggestion  through  correspondence  and  conference, 
as  well  as  for  such  service  locally  as  may  be  rendered:  that  the 
Council  instruct  its  Labor  Committee  to  seek  affiliation  with 
kindred  committees  of  other  denominations,  and  with  non-eccle- 
siastical  bodies  that  work  for  industrial  betterment:  that  the 
Labor  Committee  try  to  get  such  expression  from  workingmen’s 
and  employers’  organizations  and  leaders,  as  shall,  in  its  judg- 
ment, best  promote  social  welfare. 

Finally,  your  committee  has  a two-fold  conviction  out  of 
which  issues  an  inference  vital  to  the  spiritual  problem  of  our 
churches: 


7 

First,  That  this  question  has  come  to  stay;  that  it  cannot  be 
blinked  or  waved  aside;  that  no  amount  of  religious  activity  or 
of  practical  religious  helpfulness  can  solve  it;  that  nothing  short 
of  justice — justice  by  and  justice  to  capital  and  labor  alike — 
can  reach  the  case.  But,  on  the  other  hand,  and — 

Second,  That  only  by  the  principles  of  the  Gospel — its  ethics, 
its  love,  its  law  of  respect  for  every  human  soul  as  a son  of 
God,  and  a brother  of  Jesus  Christ,  and  its  foundation  stone  of 
sacrifice— can  the  ends  properly  sought  by  all  true  employers 
and  workers  be  attained. 

In  these  circumstances,  since  hearts  must  be  reached  and  the 
inmost  man  changed  in  order  to  supply  any  adequate  motive 
for  all  this,  one  crowning  inference  follows,  namely,  that  the 
present  industrial-economic  crisis  constitutes  a supreme  motive 
for  that  fundamental  revival  of  religion  in  all  our  churches 
for  which  the  hearts  of  our  people  are  looking,  and  longing,  and 
praying. 

Signed,  Frank  W.  Merrick,  Chairman',  David  N.  Beach, 
Washington  Gladden,  William  J.  Tucker,  William  A.  Knight, 
Secretary . 


Some  of  the  Literature  of  Labor. 

As  helps  to  a theoretical  understanding  of  modern  industrialism,  the 
following  bibliographies  are  presented.  Requests  were  sent  to  a score  of 
educators,  social  experts  and  industrial  leaders  representing  employers, 
employes  and  the  general  public.  The  returns  are  given  with  the  names 
of  the  compilers,  except  in  a single  instance  in  which  the  sender  re- 
quested that  his  name  be  withheld.  Though  some  repetition  is  involved, 
it  has  been  thought  better  for  obvious  reasons,  to  place  the  name  or 
names  of  the  compilers,  together  with  any  needed  explanation,  before 
each  list.  The  title  of  each  work  is  followed  by  the  italicised  name 
of  its  author.  No  attempt  is  made  to  present  the  fictional  element  in 
the  literature  of  labor,  or  to  give  even  the  names  of  the  leading  labor 
papers  of  the  country,  nor  yet  to  present  the  literature  with  any  ap- 
proximation to  completeness.  We  have  aimed  to  bear  in  mind  the 
needs  of  the  general  reader  and  student  who  wishes  fundamental  and 
helpful  suggestion  from  all  sides  as  to  present-day  industrialism. 
The  American  Institute  of  Social  Service  is  ready  at  all  times  to  give 
suggestive  help  to  applicants  who  inquire  for  the  latest  and  best  peri- 
odical literature  on  this  subject,  while  The  Commons  is  invaluable  as 
a monthly  journal  of  social  betterment. 


8 


I. 

Raymond  Robins  and  T.  K.  Webster. 


Six  Centuries  of  Work  and  Wages, 
The  Industrial  Revolution, 

The  Evolution  of  Modern  Capitalism, 
The  Labor  Movement  in  America, 
History  of  Trade  Unionism, 
Democracy  and  Social  Ethics, 

The  Children  of  the  Poor, 

Life  and  Labor  of  the  People, 

Wealth  v.  Commonwealth, 

God  and  the  People, 

Progress  and  Poverty, 

Encyclopedia  of  Social  Reform, 


Rogers , Thorold. 

Toynbee , Arnold. 

Hobson , J.  A. 

Ely,  R.  T. 

Webb,  Sidney  and  Beatrice. 
Addams , Jane. 

Riis,  J.  A. 

Booth,  Charles. 

Lloyd , II.  D. 

Mazzini,  Joseph. 

George,  Henry. 

Bliss,  W.  I).  P. 


II. 


Washington  Gladden. 


The  Social  Unrest, 

Socialism  and  Social  Reform, 

The  Evolution  of  Industrial  Society, 
Socialism,  New  and  Old, 

The  Evolution  of  Modern  Capitalism, 
The  Social  Problem, 

JohnRuskin,  Social  Reformer, 
Human  Nature  and  the  Social  Order, 
The  Workers, 

Labor  Co-partnership, 

The  City  Wilderness, 

Monopolies  and  the  People, 
Christianity  and  Social  Problems, 
Industrial  Democracy, 

Jesus  Christ  and  the  Social  Question, 
Social  Facts  and  Forces, 

Social  Salvation, 


Brooks,  John  Graham. 

Ely,  R.  T. 

Ely,  R.  T. 

Graham,  William. 

Hobson,  J.  A. 

Hobson , J.  A. 

Hobson,  J A. 

Cooley,  Charles  Horton. 
Wyckoff,  Walter  A. 

Lloyd,  II.  I). 

Woods,  Robert  A. 

Baker,  C.  W. 

Abbott,  Lyman. 

Webb,  Sidney  and  Beatrice. 
Peabody , Francis  G. 
Gladden,  Washington. 
Gladden , Washington. 


I II. 

Carroll  D.  Wright. 

The  Labor  Movement  in  America,  Ely , R.  T. 

Organized  Labor,  Mitchell,  John. 

The  Industrial  Revolution  in  England,  Toynbee,  Arnold. 

The  Industrial  Evolution  of  the  United 

States,  Wright,  Carroll  D. 

The  Evolution  of  Modern  Capitalism,  Hobson,  J.  A. 


9 


Methods  of  Industrial  Remuneration,  Sckloss , D.  F. 

Handbook  to  the  Labor  Law  of  the  United 


States, 

Labor  in  Its  Relations  to  Law, 

History  of  Trade  Unionism, 

Industrial  Democracy, 

Methods  of  Industrial  Peace, 

Getting  a Living, 

The  Social  Unrest, 

The  Quintessence  of  Socialism, 

The  Relation  of  the  State  to  Industrial 
Action, 

Some  Ethical  Phases  of  the  Labor  Ques- 
tion, 

Recent  Economic  Changes, 

Workingmen's  Insurance, 


Stimson , F.  J. 

Stimson,  F.  J. 

Webb , Sidney  and  Beatrice 
Wet)b , Sidney  and  Beatrice 
Gilman . N.  P. 

Bolen , G.  T. 

Brooks , John  Graham. 
Schaeffle,  A.  E. 


Adams , Henry  C. 

Wright , Carroll  J). 
David , H.  IFeM.s. 
Willoughby , IF.  F. 


IV. 


THE  AMERICAN  INSTITUTE  OF  SOCIAL  SERVICE. 
( Josiali  Strong  and  W.  IF  Tolman.) 

Labor  and  Capital. 


Getting  a Living, 

The  Social  Unrest, 

Our  Benevolent  Feudalism, 

A Dividend  to  Labor, 

The  Trust  Problem, 

Organized  Labor, 

Jesus  Christ  and  the  Social  Question, 
Capital  and  Labor, 

Six  Centuries  of  Work  and  Wages, 

The  Workingman  and  Social  Problems, 
Industrial  Betterment, 

Some  Ethical  Phases  of  the  Labor  Ques- 
tion, 

The  Workers, 


Bolen , G.  L. 

Brooks , John  Graham. 
Ghent , W.  J. 

Gilman , N.  P. 

Jenks,  J.  W. 

Mitchell,  John. 
Peabody,  Francis  G. 
Peters,  J.  P.  [Editor], 
Rogers,  Thor  old. 

Stelzle,  Charles. 

Tolman,  W.  IF 

Wright,  Carroll  D. 
Wyckoff , Walter  A. 


Child  Labor. 

Child  Labor  in  the  United  States,  Erickson,  Halford. 

(See  Report  1898-1899,  Wisconsin 
Bureau  of  Labor.) 

Child  Labor  in  the  United  States,  Department  of  Labor,  U.  S. 

(See  Bulletin,  May,  1904.) 


10 


John  R.  Commons. 


A Handbook  of  Labor  Literature, 
Social  Progress,  a Year  Book, 

History  of  Trade  Unionism, 

Industrial  Democracy, 

Getting  a Living, 

The  Labor  Movement  in  America, 
Socialism  and  Social  Reform, 

The  Social  Unrest, 

Tools  and  the  Man, 

The  Labor  Problem, 

The  Evolution  of  Modern  Capitalism, 
Methods  of  Industrial  Renumeration, 
Wealth  and  Progress, 

Progress  and  Poverty, 

Eight  Hours  for  Work, 

Labor  Co-partnership, 

Social  Ideals  in  English  Letters, 


Marot,  Helen , 

Strong , Josiah. 

Webb , Sidney  and  Beatrice. 
Webb,  Sidney  and  Beatri'ce- 
Bolen , G.  T. 

Ely,  R.  T. 

Ely,  R.  T. 

Brooks,  John  Graham. 
Gladden,  Washington. 
Adams,  T.  S. 

Hobson,  J.  A. 

Schloss,  B.  F. 

Gunton,  George. 

George,  Henry. 

Rae,  John. 

Lloyd,  Henry  1 ). 

Scudder,  Vida  1). 

Mitchell,  John. 


Organzied  Labor, 

Handbook  to  the  Labor  Law  of  the  United 

States,  Stimson,  F.  J. 

Industrial  Conference,  1902,  Federation,  National  Civic. 

National  Conference  on  Industrial  Con- 
ciliation, Federation,  National  Civic. 

Special  Report  on  Regulation  and  Restriction 

of  Output,  Department  of  Labor,  U.  S. 

Labor  Bulletins,  beginning  November, 1895,  Department  of  Labor,  U.  S. 


YI. 

A Leading  American  Political  Economist. 

The  importance  of  the  books  named,  for  the  purpose  of  the  general 
reader,  is  indicated  by  the  numerals  1,  2,  3. 

1.  Reports  of  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Labor. 

2.  Reports  of  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics.  (Massachusetts.) 

2.  Reports  of  the  Bureau  of  Labor.  (Late  issues,  New  York.) 

2.  Special  Census  Reports  on 

(1.)  Occupations  in  the  United  States. 

(2.)  Employes  and  Wages. 

1 Methods  of  Industrial  Peace,  Gilman,  N.  P. 

2 Profit  Sharing,  Gilman,  N.  P. 

1 A Country  without  Strikes,  Lloyd,  II.  D. 


11 


1. 

Newest  England, 

Lloyd,  II.  1 ). 

1. 

State  Experiments  in  Australia  and 

New  Zealand, 

Reeves,  W.  P. 

2. 

Co-operative  Production, 

Jones,  Benjamin. 

1. 

Eight  Hours  for  Work, 

Rae,  John. 

3. 

The  Economy  of  High  Wages, 

Schoenhof,  Jacob. 

2. 

Employers  and  Employes,  (Report  of 

Minneapolis  Conference)  published  by 

Public  Policy,  Chicago. 

2. 

The  Industrial  Revolution, 

Toynbee , Arnold. 

2. 

English  Factory  Legislation, 

Von  Plener , E. 

2. 

The  State  in  Relation  to  Labor, 

Jevons,  W.  S. 

2. 

The  Labor  Question  in  Britain, 

de  Rousiers,  Paul. 

1. 

History  of  Trade  Unionism, 

Webb,  Sidney  and  Beatrice . 

2. 

Industrial  Democracy, 

Webb,  Sidney  and  Beatrice. 

3. 

Report  of  the  Industrial  Remuneration 

Conference,  1885. 

2. 

Handbook  of  Labor  Literature, 

Marot,  Helen. 

2. 

Handbook  to  the  Labor  Law  of  the 

United  States, 

Stimson,  F.  J. 

2. 

The  Labor  Movement  in  America, 

Ely,  R.  T. 

1. 

The  Social  Unrest, 

Brooks,  John  Graham. 

2. 

The  American  Workman.  Tr., 

Levasseur,  Pierre  Emile. 

1. 

Organized  Labor, 

Mitchell,  John. 

3. 

Report  of  the  U.  S.  Industrial  Commis 

- 

sion,  1900-1902, 

Department  of  Labor. 

'2. 

Senate  Report  (1893)  on  Wholesale  Prices, 

Wages  and  Transportation, 

Department  of  Labor, 

2. 

Methods  of  Industrial  Remuneration, 

Schloss,  D.  F. 

2. 

Introduction  to  Economics, 

Seager,  Henry  R. 

2. 

Wages  and  Capital, 

Taussig,  F.  W. 

Distribution  of  Wealth, 

Clark , J.  B. 

VII. 

Graham  Taylor. 

Trade  Unionism,  New  and  Old,  Howell , G.  S. 

The  Labor  Movement  in  America,  Ely,  R.  T. 

Conflicts  of  Labor  and  Capital,  Howell,  G.  S. 

History  and  Development  of  Guilds  and  the 

Origin  of  Trade  Unions,  Brentano , Lujo. 

Six  Centuries  of  Work  and  Wages,  Royers , Thorold. 

History  of  Trade  Unionism,  Webb,  Sidney  and  Beatrice. 

An  Introduction  to  English  Economy,  His- 
tory and  Theory,  Ashley,  W.  J. 

The  Industrial  Revolution  in  England,  Toynbee,  Arnold. 


12 


The  Condition  of  the  Working  Classes  in 
England  in  1844.  Tr., 

Democracy  and  Liberty, 

Classes  and  Masses ; a Handbook  of  Social 
Facts, 

Problems  of  Poverty ; an  Inquiry  into  the 
Industrial  Condition  of  the  Poor, 

The  Evolution  of  Modern  Capitalism ; 

Study  of  Machine  Production, 

Outlines  of  English  Industrial  History, 

The  Industrial  History  of  England, 

English  Social  Reforms, 

A Short  History  of  the  English  People, 

Life  and  Labor  of  the  People  in  London, 


Engels,  F. 
Lecky , W.  E. 


11. 


Mallock,  W.  II. 
Hobson , J.  A. 


Hobson , J.  A. 

Cunningham  and  McArthur. 
Gibbens,  II.  de  B. 

Gibbens,  II.  de  B. 

Green , J.  R. 

Booth , Charles. 

Pauperism  and  the  Endowment  of  Old 

Age,  Booth , Charles. 

Hull  House  Maps  and  Papers,  Hull  House  Residents. 

Industrial  Evolution  of  the  United  States,  Wright , Carroll  D. 

The  Labor  Movement  the  Problem  of 

To-day,  McNeil , Geo.  E.  [Editor.] 

The  Labor  Problem,  Barns , W.  E.  [Editor.] 

Tools  and  the  Man,  Gladden , Washington. 

Ruling  Ideas  in  the  Present  Age,  Gladden,  Washington. 

Principles  of  Economics,  Marshall , Alfred. 

A Handy  Book  of  the  Labor  Laws,  Howell,  George. 

Hand  Book  to  the  Labor  Law  of  the  United 

States,  Stimson,  F.  J. 

The  Labor  Annual;  a Year  Book  of  Social, 

Economic  and  Political  Reform,  Edwards , Joseph,  [Editor.] 

The  Evolution  of  Industrial  Society,  Ely , R.  T. 

The  Social  Unrest,  Brooks,  John  Graham. 

The  Principles  of  Economics,  Fetter,  Frank  A. 


To  the  above  maybe  added  many  Annual  and  Special  Reports  of  the 
U.  S.  Department  of  Labor,  the  State  Reports  of  Labor  Bureaus  and 
'Factory  Inspectors,  together  with  many  Serial  Publications  and  Pro- 
ceedings. 

VIII. 

W.  J.  Tucker  and  A.  F.  Weber. 

Books  specially  commended  by  Mr.  Weber  are  marked  *. 

Works  likewise  commended  by  President  Tucker  are  marked  t- 

tTlie  Adjustment  of  Wages,  Ashley,  W.  J. 

^Getting  a Living  , Bolen , G.  T. 

The  Social  Unrest,  Brooks,,  John  Graham. 


13 


tThe  Law  of  Trade  and  Labor  Combinations 
as  Applicable  to  Boycotts,  Strikes, 
Trade  Conspiracies,  Monopolies,  Pools, 
Trusts  and  Kindred  Topics, 

The  Labor  Movement  in  America, 
t ^Methods  of  Industrial  Peace, 
tThe  Evolution  of  Modern  Capitalism, 
tProblems  of  Poverty, 
t*The  Social  Problem, 

A History  of  Factory  Legislation  [in  Eng- 
land], 

The  State  in  Relation  to  Labor, 
t*The  American  Workman  [Tr.  by  T.  S. 
Adams.] 

Labor  Copartnership, 


Cooke , F.  II . 

Ely,  R.  T . 

Gilman , N.  P. 

Hobson , J.  A. 

Hobson,  J.  A. 

Hobson,  J.  A. 

Hutchins  and  Harrison. 
Jevons,  W.  S. 

Levasseur,  Pierre  Emile. 
Lloyd , H.  D. 


Labor  Movements:  The  Problem  of  To- 
day, 

t*Organized  Labor, 

Labor  and  Capital, 

Eight  Hours  for  Work , 


McNeil  Geo.  E.  [Editor.] 
Mitchell , John. 

Peters , J.  P.  [Editor.] 
Rae,  John. 


t^State  Experiments  in  Australia  and  New 


Reeves,  W.  P. 

Roberts,  Peter. 

Rovontree,  B.  S. 

Ruskin,  John. 

Schloss,  D.  F. 

S chulze-Gavernitz,  G.  von. 
Spahr,  C.  B. 

Spyers,  T.  G. 


Zealand, 

t Anthracite  Coal  Communities, 
t*Poverty:  A Study  of  Town  Life, 

Unto  This  Last, 

t Methods  of  Industrial  Remuneration, 

Social  Peace, 

America’s  Working  People, 

The  Labor  Question, 

* Handbook  to  the  Labor  Law  of  the 

United  States,  Stimson,  F.  J. 

* The  Industrial  Revolution,  Toynbee,  Arnold. 

t United  States  Anthracite  Coal  Strike  Com- 
mission, Bul’t’n  46,  U.S  Dept,  of  Lbr. 

t*The  United  States  Industrial  Commission, 

Final  Report,  Vol.  XIX,  Printing  Office  of  the  Gov’t, 

t The  Case  for  the  Factory  Acts,  Webb,  Beatrice,  [Editor.] 

t The  Co-operative  Movement  in  Great 

Britain,  Webb,  Beatrice. 

t**Industrial  Democracy,  Webb,  Sidney  and  Beatrice. 

\ Workingmen’s  Insurance,  Willoughby , W.  F. 


14 


IX. 

John  Mitchell, 
Reference. 


Encyclopedia  of  Social  Reform,  Bliss,  W.  I).  P.  [Editor.] 

Industrial  History. 

(England  — General.) 

The  Industrial  History  of  England,  Gibbins , II.  De  B. 

(Modern.) 

Condition  of  the  Working  Classes  in  Eng- 
land in  1844.  Tr.,  Engels , F. 

The  Industrial  Revolution  in  England,  Toynbee , Arnold. 

Labor  in  the  Longest  Reign,  Webb,  Sidney. 

(United  States.) 

The  Industrial  Evolution  of  the  United 

States,  Wright,  Carroll  D. 


Monopolies. 


Wealth  v.  Commonwealth, 


Lloyd , H.  D , 


“How  the  Other  Half  Lives,”  Including  the  Sweating  System 
and  Hygiene  of  Occupations. 

Prisoners  of  Poverty:  Women  Wage-Earn- 
ers, Their  Trades  and  Their  Lives,  Campbell,  Helen. 

The  Children  of  the  Poor,  Biis,  J.  A. 

How  the  Other  Half  Lives,  Biis,  J.  A. 

Methods  of  Industrial  Remuneration,  Schloss,  D.  F. 


Wages. 


Six  Centuries  of  Work  and  Wages 
The  Economy  of  High  Wages, 
Industrial  Democracy, 


Rogers,  Thorold. 

Schoenhof,  Jacob. 

Webb,  Sidney  and  Beatrice. 


Co-operation  and  Profit  Sharing. 

The  Co-operative  Movement  of  To-day,  Holyoake , G.  J. 
Labor  Copartnership,  Lloyd , II.  D. 

The  Co-operative  Movement  in  Great 

Britain,  Webb,  Beatrice. 


15 


Trade  Unions. 
Relation  of  Labor  Organizations  to  the 


American  Working  Boy  and 
Instruction, 

American  Trade  Unions, 

Relation  of  Labor  to  the  Law  of  To- 
The  Labor  Movement  in  America, 
Conflicts  of  Capital  and  Labor, 
Trade  Unionism,  New  and  Old, 
Social  Peace.  Tr., 

Handbook  to  the  Labor  Law  of  the 
States, 

History  of  Trade  Unionism, 


to  Trade 

Bemis , E.  W. 

Bliss , W.  D.  P. 
ay.  Tr.,  Brentano , Lujo, 

Ely , R.  T. 

Howell , George. 

Howell,  George. 
Schulze-Gavernitz,  G.  von. 

United 

Stimson,  F.  J. 

Webbt  Sidney  and  Beatrice. 


Strikes. 

The  Pullman  Strike,  Czrwardini,  W.  H. 

The  Law  of  Strikes,  Lockouts  and  Labor 

Organizations,  Cogley,  T.  S. 

The  Strike  of  Millionaires  Against  Miners,  Lloyd , II.  I). 


Hours  of  Labor. 

Hours  and  Wages  in  Relation  to  Produc- 
tion, Brentano,  Lujo. 

Eight  Hours  for  Work,  Rae,  John. 

The  Eight  Hours  Day,  Webb,  Sidney  and  Cox, 

Harold. 


4Women  WAge-Earners  and  Chidd  Labor. 

Woman  in  the  Past.  Present  and  Future,  Bebel,  August. 
The  Cry  of  the  Children,  Hird,  F. 


Child  Labor  in  New  York,  Second 
Report,  1884, 

The  State  and  Its  Children, 

AVomen  and  the  Factory  Acts, 

Child  Labor, 

Industrial  Insurance 


Annual 

Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics, 

N.  Y , 

Tuckwell,  G.  M. 

Webb,  Beatrice. 

Willoughby  and  Graffenreid. 

and  Old  Age  Pensions. 


Pauperism  and  the  Endowment  of  Old  Age,  Booth,  Charles. 
Workingmen’s  Insurance,  Willoughby , W.  F. 


Labor  Laws  and  Factory  Acts. 


Factory  Inspectors  of  North  America,  Reports  of  Annual  Conven- 
tions, 1887  to  date. 

(Obtained  through  Secretary,  whose  ad- 
dress is  secured  through  U.  S.  Commis- 
sioner of  Labor,  Washington,  D.  C.) 

Labor  Laws  in  the  Various  States,  Terri- 
tories and  District  of  Columbia ; Second 

special  Report,  Commissioner  of  Labor, l~.S. 

General. 

The  Present  Distribution  of  Wealth  in  the 

United  States,  t Spahr,  C.  B. 

glance^  the  foregoing  lists  will  show  the  titles  of  books  most 
frequently Irdpeated.  For  general  reading,  those  books  should  be  ex- 
amined first.  Of  the  more  recent  publications  one  will  find,  Ashley’s 
“ The  Adjustment  of  Wages,”  and  Gilman’s  “Methods  of  Industrial 
Peace,”  invaluable.  In  the  first  rank  should  be  placed  Reeves’ 
“State  Experiments  in  Australia  and  New  Zealand,”  the  philosophical 
work  of  Sidney  and  Beatrice  Webb  written  from  the  Socialist’s  point 
of  view,  “ Industrial  Democracy ;”  and  for  an  account  and  an  interpre- 
tation of  American  industrial  conditions,  Vol.  XIX  of  the  “ Report  of 
the  Industrial  Commission  ” of  1900,  Mitchell’s  “Organized  Labor” 
as  an  exposition  of  trade  unionism,  and  the  superb  work  of  Levasseur, 
“The  American  Workman,”  are  indispensable. 

FRANK  W.  MERRICK. 


